मैं आज आपको हिन्दी माध्यम से Active And Passive Of Past Indefinite tense के Active voice sentence को Passive voice में बनाना सीखाऊँगा ।
मैं उम्मीद करता हूँ कि इस post को पढ़ने के बाद आपके लिए Active voice से Passive बनाना आसान नहीं बहुत आसान हो जाएगा; बशर्ते आप इस post में बताए गए Active and passive rules और examples को ध्यान से समझें; तो चलिए बिना देर किए सीखना शुरु करते.
What is the active and passive Of Past Indefinite Tense ?
आज आप सीखने जा रहे हैं Past Indefinite tense के active voice sentence को passive voice sentence में कैसे बदलें ? लेकिन उससे पहले हम जान लेते हैं कि Active and passive voice होता क्या है ? तो चलिए बिना देर किए आगे बढ़ते हैं ।
Active Voice –
मतलब ” कर्ता वाच्य ” ऐसे वाक्य जिसकी शुरुआत हमेशा Subject ( कर्ता ) से हो जैसे –
- मैं यह किताब पढ लिया। ( I read this book.)
- वह मुझे देख लिया ( He saw me.)
” Active voice ” के वाक्य प्रश्नवाचक भी हो सकते हैं; जैसे
- क्या तुम यह काम कर लेते थे ? ( Did you do this work ? )
- तुम उसे क्यों मारते थे ? ( Why did you beat him ? )
Passive Voice –
इसका मतलब होता है ” कर्म वाच्य ” ऐसे वाक्य जिसकी शुरुआत हमेशा ‘ Object – कर्म ‘ से हो जैसे –
- मेरे द्वारा यह किताब पढ़ा जाता था । ( This book was read by me.)
- उसके द्वारा मुझे देखा गया । ( I was seen by him.)
- क्या तुम्हारे द्वारा यह काम किया जाता था ? ( Did this work was done by you ?)
- वह तुम्हारे द्वारा मार क्यों खाता था ? ( Why was he beaten by you ? )
[ जिस Active voice का passive voice बनाना हो तो सबसे पहले आप उस Active voice sentence को चेक करें कि उसमें Transitive Verb – मतलब ‘सकर्मक क्रिया ऐसी क्रिया जिसे ‘ Object की आवश्यकता होती है ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है या Intransitive Verb – मतलब ‘ अकर्मक क्रिया ऐसी क्रिया जिसे Object की आवश्यकता नहीं होती जैसे – Go, Come, stand etc. ‘ का ।
यदि ‘ Active voice sentence ‘ में वाकई ‘ Transitive Verb – ‘सकर्मक क्रिया ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है तो आप इसका Passive voice बना सकते हैं ; यदि Intransitive Verb हो तो इसका Passive Voice नहीं बनाया जा सकता । ]
What are differences between ” Transitive & Intransitive Verb :
कैसे पहचाने कि Active voice sentence में ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है या Intransitive Verb का ? बहुत आसान है,
बस आप Active voice sentence में दी गई क्रिया से ‘ What ( क्या ), Whom ( किसे/किसको ) से प्रश्न करें अगर उत्तर में कुछ मिल रहा हो तो वह क्रिया ‘ Transitive – सकर्मक ‘ है और इसका Passive Voice बन सकता है जैसे –
मै यह किताब पढ़ लिया ? – क्या पढ़ लिया ‘ यह किताब ‘ यह वाक्य का ‘ Object – कर्म ‘ है, इससे यह पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है ;
यह जरुरी नहीं है कि हर ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ के साथ ‘ Object ‘ हो, अगर Object नहीं है तो हम वहाँ पर ‘ It ‘ का प्रयोग कर देते हैं जैसे –
मैं देखता था। ( I watched.) ‘ watched ‘ Transitive Verb है लेकिन इसके साथ ‘ Object ‘ का प्रयोग नहीं किया गया है इसलिए इसका Passive voice बनाते समय Object की जगह पर ‘ It ‘ का प्रयोग किया जाएगा जैसे – It was watched by me.
What is an intransitive verb ?
Intransitive Verb की पहचान आप ‘ Where ( कहाँ ), When ( कब ) और How ( कैसे ) से प्रश्न करके कर सकते हैं जैसे –
वह यहाँ आता था – कहाँ आता था ? ‘ यहाँ ‘ इससे पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में ‘ Intransitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है, इसलिए इस Active voice sentence का Passive voice नहीं बनाया जाएगा ।
क्रिया से What और Whom से प्रश्न करने पर हमेशा Object मिलता है, जबकि Where, When और How से प्रश्न करने पर ‘ Adverb ‘ मिलता है ।
Active and passive of past indefinite Tense Rules
Active voice structure :
[ Subject + verb का दूसरा रुप + Object + Other word ]
Active and passive of past indefinite tense examples :
- I completed his homework yesterday.
- I wrote a letter to my brother.
- Rekha watched this movie two days ago.
- I read this book once a week.
- Rekha told a story to her brother.
- My younger brother passed this examination two months ago.
- They wrote me a letter yesterday.
- I helped her in the class.
Passive voice structure :
[ Active voice object का subjective form + was/were + verb का तीसरा रुप + Other word + by + active voice subject का objective form ]
Active and Passive of past indefinite tense Examples :
A – I completed his homework yesterday.
P – His homework was completed by me yesterday.
A – I wrote a letter to my brother.
P- A letter was written to my brother By me.
A- Rekha watched this movie two days ago.
P – This movie was watched two days ago by Rekha.
A- I read this book once a week.
P – This book was read once a week by me.
A – Rekha told a story to her brother.
P – A story was told to her brother by Rekha.
A – My younger brother passed this examination two months ago.
P – This examination was passed by my younger brother two months ago.
A – They wrote me a letter yesterday.
P – A letter was written to me yesterday by them.
A – I helped her in the class.
P – She was helped in the class by me.
( इस वाक्य में आप ‘ A story ‘ की जगह ‘ Her brother ‘ का भी प्रयोग कर सकते हैं क्योंकि दोनो वाक्य के ‘ Objects ‘ )
P- Her brother was told a story by Rekha.
Negative Active voice Structure :
[ Subject + did + not + verb का पहला रुप + Object + other word ]
Examples :
- I did not read this book daily.
- He did not speak English In the class.
- They did not give me a book.
- Ravi did not love his father.
- She did not forgive me.
- You did not learn to speak English.
- My father did not teach me this subject.
- Neha did not call me here.
- All students did not attend the class yesterday.
- She did not help me in the classroom.
- I did not see him coming here.
- You did not like her.
Negative Passive voice structure :
[ Active voice Object का subjective form + was/were + not + verb का तीसरा रुप + other word + by + active voice subject का objective form ]
Active and Passive of past indefinite Examples :
A – I did not read this book daily.
P – This book was not read daily by me.
( Was/Were का प्रयोग object के अनुसार किया जाएगा; अगर Object Singular है तो ‘ was ‘ का प्रयोग करें; यदि Plural हो तो ‘ were ‘ जबकि ‘ I ‘ के साथ ‘was ‘का प्रयोग किया जाएगा। )
A – He did not speak English In the class.
P – English was not spoken in the class by him.
A – They did not give me a book.
P – I was not given a book by them.
A – Ravi did not love his father.
P – His father was not loved by Ravi.
A – She did not forgive me.
P – I was not forgiven by her.
A – You did not learn to speak English.
P – Speaking English was not learned by you.
A – My father did not teach me this subject.
P – This subject was not taught to me by my father.
A – Neha did not call me here.
P – I was not called here by Neha.
A – All students did not attend the class yesterday.
P – The class was not attended yesterday by all students.
A – She did not help me in the classroom.
P – I was not helped in the classroom by her.
A – I did not see him coming here.
P – He was not seen coming here by me.
A – You did not like her.
P – She was not liked by you.
Interrogative Active and Passive of past indefinite Structure :
(1) Yes/No type questions :
[ Did + Subject + ( not ) + verb का पहला रुप + Object + other word + ? ]
Examples :
- Did you speak English in the class ?
- Did he watch this movie ?
- Did they not drive this car ?
- Did you play this game ?
- Did she like you ?
- Did you see her coming here yesterday?
- Did you help her in school yesterday?
- Did she drive this car?
Interrogative passive voice structure :
[ Was/Were + active voice object का subjective form + (not) + Verb का तीसरा रुप + Other Word + by + active voice Subject का Objective form + ? ]
Active and Passive of past indefinite Examples :
A – Did you speak English In the class. ?
P – Was English spoken in the class by you ?
A – Did he watch this movie ?
P – Was this movie watched by him ?
A – Did they not drive this car ?
P – Was this car not driven by them ?
A – Did you play this game ?
P – Was this game played by you ?
A – Did you see her coming here yesterday?
P – Was she seen coming here yesterday by you?
A – Did you help her in school yesterday?
P – Was she helped in school yesterday by you?
A – Did she drive this car?
P – Was this car driven by her?
A – Did you not help me yesterday?
P – Was I not helped yesterday by you?
A – Did Ravi make you fool?
P – Were you made fool by Ravi?
W.H. Word type passive voice questions:
[ W.H. Word + was/were + active voice object का subjective form + (not) + verb का तीसरा रुप + other Word + by + active voice subject का Objective form + ? ]
Active and Passive of past indefinite Examples :
A – Why did you not speak English there ?
P – Why was English not spoken there by you ?
A – Who touched it ?
P – By whom was it touched well ?
A – What did you watch ?
P – What was watched by you ?
A – Where did you keep my bag ?
P – Where was my bag kept by you ?
A – What did she tell you about this?
P – What were you told about this by her?
A – When did your father take you to the mall?
P – When were you taken to the mall by your father?
A – Which book did you read?
P – Which book was read by you?
A – Who helped you?
P – By whom were you helped?
A – What did you bring for me from market?
P – What was brought for me from market by you?
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