मैं आज आपको Active And Passive Of Present Perfect Tense सीखाऊँगा । मैं उम्मीद करता हूँ कि इस post को पढ़ने के बाद आपके लिए Active voice से Passive बनाना आसान नहीं बहुत आसान हो जाएगा;
बशर्ते आप इस post में बताए गए Active and passive rules और examples को ध्यान से समझें; तो चलिए बिना देर किए सीखना शुरु करते.
What is the active and passive Of Present Perfect Tense ?
आज आप सीखने जा रहे हैं Present perfect tense के active voice sentence को passive voice sentence में कैसे बदलें ? लेकिन उससे पहले हम जान लेते हैं कि Active and passive voice होता क्या है ? तो चलिए बिना देर किए आगे बढ़ते हैं ।
Active Voice Of Present Perfect Tense
” कर्ता वाच्य ” ऐसे वाक्य जिसकी शुरुआत हमेशा Subject ( कर्ता ) से हो जैसे –
मैं यह किताब पढ चुका हूँ । ( I have read this book.)
वह मुझे देख चुका है। ( He has seen me.)
” Active voice ” के वाक्य प्रश्नवाचक भी हो सकते हैं; जैसे –
क्या तुम यह काम कर चुके हो ? ( Have you done this work ? )
तुम उसे क्यों मार चुके हो ? ( Why have you beaten him ? )
Passive Voice Present Perfect Tense
इसका मतलब होता है ” कर्म वाच्य ” ऐसे वाक्य जिसकी शुरुआत हमेशा ‘ Object – कर्म ‘ से हो जैसे –
- मेरे द्वारा यह किताब पढ़ा जा चुका है । ( This book has been read by me.)
- उसके द्वारा मुझे देखा जा चुका है । ( I have been seen by him.)
- क्या तुम्हारे द्वारा यह काम किया जा चुका है ? ( Has this work been done by you ?)
- वह तुम्हारे द्वारा मार क्यों खाया है ? ( Why has he been beaten by you ? )
[ जिस Active voice का passive voice बनाना हो तो सबसे पहले आप उस Active voice sentence को चेक करें कि उसमें Transitive Verb – मतलब ‘सकर्मक क्रिया ऐसी क्रिया जिसे ‘ Object की आवश्यकता होती है ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है या Intransitive Verb – मतलब ‘ अकर्मक क्रिया ऐसी क्रिया जिसे Object की आवश्यकता नहीं होती जैसे – Go, Come, stand etc. ‘ का ।
यदि ‘ Active voice sentence ‘ में वाकई ‘ Transitive Verb – ‘सकर्मक क्रिया ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है तो आप इसका Passive voice बना सकते हैं ; यदि Intransitive Verb हो तो इसका Passive Voice नहीं बनाया जा सकता । ]
What are differences between ” Transitive & Intransitive Verb
कैसे पहचाने कि Active voice sentence में ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है या Intransitive Verb का ? बहुत आसान है, बस आप Active voice sentence में दी गई क्रिया से ‘ What ( क्या ), Whom ( किसे/किसको ) से प्रश्न करें अगर उत्तर में कुछ मिल रहा हो तो वह क्रिया ‘ Transitive – सकर्मक ‘ है और इसका Passive Voice बन सकता है
जैसे – मै यह फिल्म चुका हूँ ? – क्या देख चुका हूँ ‘ यह फिल्म ‘ यह वाक्य का ‘ Object – कर्म ‘ है, इससे यह पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है ;
यह जरुरी नहीं है कि हर ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ के साथ ‘ Object ‘ हो, अगर Object नहीं है तो हम वहाँ पर ‘ It ‘ का प्रयोग कर देते हैं जैसे –
मैं देख चुका हूँ । ( I have watched.) ‘ watched Transitive Verb है लेकिन इसके साथ ‘ Object ‘ का प्रयोग नहीं किया गया है इसलिए इसका Passive voice बनाते समय Object की जगह पर ‘ It ‘ का प्रयोग किया जाएगा जैसे – It has been watched by me.
What is intransitive verb ?
Intransitive Verb की पहचान आप ‘ Where ( कहाँ ), When ( कब ) और How ( कैसे ) से प्रश्न करके कर सकते हैं जैसे –
वह यहाँ आ चुका है – कहाँ जा चुका है ‘ यहाँ ‘ इससे पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में ‘ Intransitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है, इसलिए इस Active voice sentence का Passive voice नहीं बनाया जाएगा ।
क्रिया से What और Whom से प्रश्न करने पर हमेशा Object मिलता है, जबकि Where, When और How से प्रश्न करने पर ‘ Adverb ‘ मिलता है ।
Active and passive voice rules of present perfect tense
Active voice structure :
[ Subject + has/have + (not) + verb का तीसरा रुप + ing + Object + Other word ]
Active voice examples :
- He has completed his homework.
- I have driven this car.
- Ravi has watched this movie.
- I have read this book once.
- Rekha has written this letter.
Passive voice structure :
[ Active voice object का subjective form + has/have + (not) + been + verb का तीसरा रुप + Other word + by + active voice subject का objective form ]
Active And Passive Of Present Perfect Tense Examples :
A – He has completed his homework.
P – His homework has been completed by him.
A – I have driven this car.
P– This car has been driven by me.
A– Ravi has watched this movie.
P – This movie has been watched by Ravi.
A– I have read this book once.
P – This book has been read once by me.
A – Rekha has written this letter to me.
P – This letter has been written to me by Rekha.
A – She has completed my homework.
P – My homework has been completed by her.
A – My father has bought a new car.
P- A new car has bought by my father.
A – They have taught me this chapter.
P – I have been taught this chapter by them.
( इस वाक्य में आप ‘ This letter ‘ की जगह ‘ I have ‘ का भी प्रयोग कर सकते हैं क्योंकि दोनो वाक्य के ‘ Objects ‘ )
P– I have been written this letter by Rekha.
Interrogative active voice Structure :
(1) Yes/No type questions :
[ Has/Have + Subject + ( not ) + verb का तीसरा रुप + Object + other word + ? ]
Examples :
Have you spoken English at home ?
Has he read this book ?
Have they not driven this car ?
Have you watched this T.V. at home ?
Has she liked you ?
Have you taught me this book?
Has she told you anything about it?
Interrogative passive voice structure :
[ Has/Have + active voice object का subjective form + (not) + been + Verb का तीसरा रुप + Other Word + by + active voice Subject का Objective form + ? ]
Active And Passive Of Present Perfect Tense Examples :
A – Have you spoken English at home ?
P – Has English been spoken at home by you ?
A – Has he read this book ?
P – Has this book been read by him ?
A – Have they not driven this car ?
P – Has this car not been driven by them ?
A – Have you watched this T.V. at home ?
P – Has this T.V. been watched at home by you ?
A – Has she liked you ?
P – Have you been liked by her ?
A – Have you me this book?
P – Has this book taught to me by you?
A – Has she told you anything about it?
P – Have you told anything about it by her?
W.H. Word type passive voice questions :
[ W.H. Word + has/have + active voice object का subjective form + (not) + been + verb का तीसरा रुप + other Word + by + active voice subject का Objective form + ? ]
Examples Of Active And Passive Voice Of Present Perfect Tense :
A – Why have you not spoken English there ?
P – Why has English not been spoken there by you ?
A – Who has worked well ?
P – By whom has it been worked well ?
A – What have you done ?
P – What has been done by you ?
A – Where have you kept my pen ?
P – Where has my pen been kept by you ?
A – What have you cooked today ?
P – What has been cooked today by you ?
A – Which book have you bought?
P – Which book has been bought by you?
A – Why have you not watched this movie?
P – Why has this movie not been watched by you?
अगर आपको Present perfect tense का active and passive voice सीखना अच्छा लगा तो आप इस post को अपने दोस्तों के साथ Facebook और What’s App पर शेयर जरुर करें, धन्यवाद !