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Active And Passive Voice

Active And Passive Of Past Indefinite Tense In Hindi

मैं आज आपको हिन्दी माध्यम से Active And Passive Of Past Indefinite tense के Active voice sentence को Passive voice में बनाना सीखाऊँगा । मैं उम्मीद करता हूँ कि इस post को पढ़ने के बाद आपके लिए  Active voice से Passive बनाना आसान नहीं बहुत आसान हो जाएगा; बशर्ते आप इस post में बताए गए Active and passive rules और  examples को ध्यान से समझें; तो चलिए बिना देर किए सीखना शुरु करते…….

What is active and passive Of Past Indefinite Tense ?

आज आप सीखने जा रहे हैं Past Indefinite tense के active voice sentence को passive voice sentence में कैसे बदलें ? लेकिन उससे पहले हम जान लेते हैं कि Active and passive voice होता क्या है ? तो चलिए बिना देर किए आगे बढ़ते हैं ।

Active Voice –

मतलब ” कर्ता वाच्य ” ऐसे वाक्य जिसकी शुरुआत हमेशा Subject ( कर्ता ) से हो जैसे –
मैं यह किताब पढ लिया। ( I read this book.)
वह मुझे देख लिया ( He saw me.)
” Active voice ” के वाक्य प्रश्नवाचक भी हो सकते हैं; जैसे –
क्या तुम यह काम कर लेते थे ? ( Did you do this work ? )
तुम उसे क्यों मारते थे ? ( Why did you beat him ? )

Passive Voice –

इसका मतलब होता है ” कर्म वाच्य ” ऐसे वाक्य जिसकी शुरुआत हमेशा ‘ Object – कर्म ‘ से हो जैसे –
  • मेरे द्वारा यह किताब पढ़ा जाता था । ( This book was read by me.)
  • उसके द्वारा मुझे देखा गया । ( I was seen by him.)
  • क्या तुम्हारे द्वारा यह काम किया जाता था ? ( Did this work was done by you ?)
  • वह तुम्हारे द्वारा मार क्यों खाता था ? ( Why was he beaten by you ? )
[ जिस Active voice का passive voice बनाना हो तो सबसे पहले आप उस Active voice sentence को चेक करें कि उसमें Transitive Verb – मतलब ‘सकर्मक क्रिया ऐसी क्रिया जिसे ‘ Object की आवश्यकता होती है ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है या Intransitive Verb – मतलब ‘ अकर्मक क्रिया ऐसी क्रिया जिसे Object की आवश्यकता नहीं होती जैसे – Go, Come, stand etc. ‘ का ।
यदि ‘ Active voice sentence ‘ में वाकई ‘ Transitive Verb – ‘सकर्मक क्रिया ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है तो आप इसका Passive voice बना सकते हैं ; यदि Intransitive Verb हो तो इसका Passive Voice नहीं बनाया जा सकता । ]

What are differences between ” Transitive & Intransitive Verb :

कैसे पहचाने कि Active voice sentence में ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है या Intransitive Verb का ? बहुत आसान है, बस आप Active voice sentence में दी गई क्रिया से ‘ What ( क्या ), Whom ( किसे/किसको ) से प्रश्न करें अगर उत्तर में कुछ मिल रहा हो तो वह क्रिया ‘ Transitive – सकर्मक ‘ है और इसका Passive Voice बन सकता है जैसे
मै यह किताब पढ़ लिया ? – क्या पढ़ लिया ‘ यह किताब ‘ यह वाक्य का ‘ Object – कर्म ‘ है, इससे यह पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है ; यह जरुरी नहीं है कि हर ‘ Transitive Verb ‘ के साथ ‘ Object ‘ हो, अगर Object नहीं है तो हम वहाँ पर ‘ It ‘ का प्रयोग कर देते हैं जैसे –
मैं देखता था। ( I watched.) ‘ watched ‘ Transitive Verb है लेकिन इसके साथ ‘ Object ‘ का प्रयोग नहीं किया गया है इसलिए इसका Passive voice बनाते समय Object की जगह पर ‘ It ‘ का प्रयोग किया जाएगा जैसे –  It was watched by me.

What is intransitive verb ?

Intransitive Verb की पहचान आप ‘ Where ( कहाँ ), When ( कब ) और How ( कैसे ) से प्रश्न करके कर सकते हैं जैसे –
वह यहाँ आता था – कहाँ आता था ? ‘ यहाँ ‘ इससे पता चलता है कि इस वाक्य में ‘ Intransitive Verb ‘ का प्रयोग किया गया है, इसलिए इस Active voice sentence का Passive voice नहीं बनाया जाएगा ।
क्रिया से What और Whom से प्रश्न करने पर हमेशा Object मिलता है, जबकि Where, When और How से प्रश्न करने पर ‘ Adverb ‘ मिलता है ।

Active and passive of past indefinite Tense Rules

Active voice structure :
[ Subject + verb का दूसरा रुप + Object + Other word ]
Active voice examples :
  • I completed his homework yesterday.
  • I wrote a letter to my brother.
  • Rekha watched this movie two days ago.
  • I read this book once a week.
  • Rekha told a story to her brother.

Passive voice structure :

[ Active voice object का subjective form + was/were + verb का तीसरा रुप + Other word + by + active voice subject का objective form ]
Examples

A – I completed his homework yesterday.
P – His homework was completed by me yesterday.
A – I wrote a letter to my brother.
P– A letter was written to my brother By me.
A– Rekha watched this movie two days ago.
P – This movie was watched two days ago by Rekha.
A– I read this book once a week.
P – This book was read once a week by me.
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A – Rekha told a story to her brother.
P – A story was told to her brother by Rekha.
( इस वाक्य में आप ‘ A story ‘ की जगह ‘ Her brother ‘ का भी प्रयोग कर सकते हैं क्योंकि दोनो वाक्य के ‘ Objects ‘ )
P– Her brother was told a story by Rekha.

Negative Active voice Structure :

[ Subject + did + not + verb का पहला रुप + Object + other word ]
Examples :
  • I did not read this book daily.
  • He did not speak English In the class.
  • They did not give me a book.
  • Ravi did not love his father.

Negative Passive voice structure :

[ Active voice Object का subjective form + was/were + not + verb का तीसरा रुप + other word + by + active voice subject का objective form ]
Examples :

A – I did not read this book daily.
P – This book was not read daily by me.
( Was/Were का प्रयोग object के अनुसार किया जाएगा; अगर Object Singular है तो ‘ was ‘ का प्रयोग करें; यदि Plural हो तो ‘ were ‘ जबकि ‘ I ‘ के साथ ‘was ‘का प्रयोग किया जाएगा। )
A – He did not speak English In the class.
P – English was not spoken in the class by him.
A – They did not give me a book.
P – I was not given a book by them.
A – Ravi did not love his father.
P – His father was not loved by Ravi.

Interrogative active voice Structure :

(1) Yes/No type questions :

[ Did + Subject + ( not ) + verb का पहला रुप + Object + other word + ? ]
Examples :

  • Did you speak English in the class ?
  • Did he watch this movie ?
  • Did they not drive this car ?
  • Did you play this game ?
  • Did she like you ?

Interrogative passive voice structure :

[  Was/Were + active voice object का subjective form + (not) + Verb का तीसरा रुप + Other Word + by + active voice Subject का Objective form + ? ]
Examples :

A – Did you speak English In the class. ?
P – Was English spoken in the class by you ?A – Did he watch this movie ?

P – Was this movie watched by him ?

A – Did they not drive this car ?
P – Was this car not driven by them ?
A – Did you play this game ?
P – Was this game palyed by you ?

W.H. Word type passive voice questions :

[ W.H. Word + was/were + active voice object का subjective form + (not) + verb का तीसरा रुप + other Word + by + active voice subject का Objective form + ? ]
Examples :

A – Why did you not speak English there ?
P – Why was English not spoken there by you ?
A – Who touched it ?
P – By whom was it touched well ?
A – What did you watch ?
P – What was watched by you ?
A – Where were you keep my bag ?
P – Where was my bag kept by you ?
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अगर आपको Past Indefinite tense का active and passive voice  सीखना अच्छा लगा तो आप इस post को अपने दोस्तों के साथ Facebook और What’s App पर शेयर जरुर करें, धन्यवाद !Relative Pronouns With Examples And Defination
Always keep on learning English with confidence by Pradeep Sir.
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